Under-Adhesion

under adhesion a part is partially or completely detached from the platform during printing how to identify under adhesion can be diagnosed as follows part partially detaches from the platform look for areas not connected to the platform look for features not fully resolved at platform adhered surfaces part falls off the platform during printing look for the part in the cassette slices cured after the part fell off the platform will be on the window part outline on the platform is incorrect after part removed cause undercut undercut solution print preparation or part design cause unvented volume unvented volume solution print preparation or part design cause inconclusive cause inconclusive cause asymmetrically oriented part asymmetrically oriented part solution print preparation or part design cause small to large cross section later in the print small to large cross section later in the print solution print preparation or part design cause unvented volume unvented volume solution print preparation or part design troubleshooting it is recommended that you review all the possible solutions before taking action to ensure you are pursuing the best course of action if the best course of action is not apparent, try the troubleshooting options in the order listed refer part defects for more tips process, material, and hardware checks if any of these conditions apply to your print, take the corrective action and reprint to see if the problem is resolved slices review the project analysis in the printer ui for blank slices if blank slices are present, repair the stl file in a 3rd party repair program review the first slice and verify that the part's surface is fully on the platform update the model to have a flat base if that is the intention use the orient feature in carbon software to ensure that your part is on the platform slices release film release film reduces adhesion if you experience under adhesion while using release film, try printing the build without film release film resin check the expiration date of your resin lot ensure all two part resin prints are completed within the resin's pot life ensure that one part resins are emulsified invert bottle 5 6 times to distribute pigment resin hardware verify the platform and cassette are cleaned properly, focusing on the platform surface, window, and all printer connection point verify platform and cassette are installed properly m1/m2 printers clean the platform's kinematic balls and clean & lubricate the kinematic pin mounts on the platform and cassette per maintenance do not do not bake parts on the platform which will cause misalignment of the kinematic balls reference cleaning and installation instructions for your printer m1/m2 printer , m3/m3 max printer , l1 printer docid\ on8otjugbxoth6qmqw2om hardware diagnostics if the above checks & actions did not resolve the issue or do not apply to your print, the following diagnostics may further inform what is causing the issue hardware print with a different platform and/or cassette if the issue is resolved with another platform or cassette, reach out to carbon support for assistance with the problematic hardware run an printer health checks print preparation or part design adjustments the following solutions will address print or part related causes of the defects choose among the suggested actions below and select the best approach for your application usually only one type of adjustment is needed orientation unvented volume reorient the part to vent the trapped volume small > large cross section change or an asymmetrical orientation place a larger cross section on the platform, aiming for the average cross section in the print obtain a more uniform cross section throughout the print move the part's center of mass closer to the platform supports may be needed with a new orientation orientation supports unvented volume lift the part above the platform on supports to vent the trapped volume small > large cross section change or an asymmetrical orientation add supports to combat suction forces and to add more adhesion to the platform supports design unvented volume add vent holes in the part, at or near the platform, to vent the trapped volume reference dls design guidelines for vent hole guidance bevels/fillets at platform adjust base profile to vertical for a minimum of 1 mm extreme undercuts may require supports platform footprint increase footprint on platform for better adhesion add structure to stabilize part against suction forces design print plan adjustments reference print plan adjustments docid\ nxuk0dltz vemeau0dipn for guidance on the following parameters 1 pump up parameters docid\ xp2lrjpj4njfl z8n58rl to reduce suction forces platform speed parameters motor up speed 5 exposure parameters docid\ nunxrrm4bwbawuqk0frdt to increase adhesion exposure timing parameters base exposure multiplier brightlining parameters all four parameters must be specified brightline interior exposure time brightline exterior exposure time brightline border thickness pixels brightline outer borders if problems persist, please reach out to carbon support explanation & causes explanation suction forces pulling down on the part are stronger than the adhesion of the part on the platform during normal printing, the suction forces and part adhesion are in balance under adhesion occurs when either the suction forces are higher than normal or adhesion has been decreased reference dls printer dynamics docid\ u7xyytjydp3bvsyy2qkcu for more information on suction forces suction forces causes print preparation or part design how the part is oriented , supported , or designed is causing the defect print preparation or part design cause root issue problem why defect presents base cross section missing first slice a blank slice presents at the beginning of the print, restricting adhesion flat base not snapped to platform the part is rotated slightly such that the platform cross section is too small to maintain adhesion undercut when only a few slices have been cured, an undercut (filleted or beveled edge) can use suction forces to peel the cured slices off the platform epu, fpu, and uma are especially susceptible small to large cross section later in the print suction forces increase later in the print from large cross sections and the base cross section is not strong enough to overcome the force increase asymmetrically oriented part suction forces can cause torque on asymmetrically orientated parts, rotating them off the platform unvented volume a vacuum in an unvented cavity exacerbates suction forces hardware the printer, cassette, or platform is dirty or requires maintenance to resolve the defect occasionally, a defect may indicate the printer requires servicing by a carbon engineer root issue problem why defect presents cleaning dirty platform part cannot properly adhere to the platform if pre existing resin is present dirty cassette window an improperly cleaned window can hinder the uv light required to cure the resin, reducing adhesion misalignment improper seating platforms and cassettes may not seat properly if dirty or incorrectly installed, causing base slices to not fully adhere unlubricated kinematic pin mounts m1/m2 printers only unlubricated kinematic pin mounts are sticky, causing hardware to be misaligned misaligned hardware causes base slices to not fully adhere resin the printing material is expired , beyond the printing range in its pot life , or has been improperly mixed , causing abnormalities in the print resin root issue problem why defect presents expired resin does not cure properly at the base, reducing adhesion past pot life mixing one part resin not mixed pigment must be fully distributed in resin to cure properly at the base for full adhesion print plan adjustments print plan adjustments print plan adjustments adjust the print plan to optimize mid to high volume production and/or address part defects in doing so, adjustment may both prevent or cause defects below are adjustments that can cause this defect printing stage parameter type type of adjustment why defect presents 1 pump up platform speed increase increase increased motor up speed increases suction forces 5 exposure exposure timing decrease decrease adhesion is decreased with less uv exposure 5 exposure brightlining decrease decrease adhesion is decreased with less uv exposure