--- title: Warping - Print-Stress slug: troubleshooting/warping-print-stress description: Discover effective solutions for addressing the "Print-Stress Warping" part defect from Carbon DLS printing. This comprehensive document explains how to identify, troubleshoot, and understand the root causes. docTags: createdAt: 2025-02-28T00:21:30.854Z --- ::::VerticalSplit{layout="left"} :::VerticalSplitItem **Print-Stress Warping** Parts bowing during thermal curing. ::: :::VerticalSplitItem ![Print-Stress Warping](https://res.cloudinary.com/carbon3d/image/upload/Education/Troubleshooting/Part-Defects/Warping_Print-Stress/Print-stress-warping-example.png) ::: :::: # How to Identify Large XY cross sections **bow away** from their platform-facing surface. ::::LinkArray :::LinkArrayItem{headerType="IMAGE" headerImage="https://api.archbee.com/api/optimize/dptYqcTHPbVZhe3zuNg4v-WXtDI47BDi7rCJ16lsLIn-20250228-005210.png"} **Cause** - Orientation **Solution** - Print Preparation or Part Design ::: :::: # Troubleshooting ## Print Preparation or Part Design Adjustments The following solutions will address print or part-related causes of the defects. Choose among the suggested actions below and select the best approach for your application. Usually only one type of adjustment is needed. :::::ExpandableHeading ### Orientation ::::VerticalSplit{layout="middle"} :::VerticalSplitItem Reorient parts to minimize XY cross section, especially on the platform. ::: :::VerticalSplitItem ![Orientation](https://res.cloudinary.com/carbon3d/image/upload/t_auto_quality_format/Education/Troubleshooting/Part-Defects/_Common-troubleshooting-for-all/large-to-small-cross-section.png) ::: :::: ::::: :::::ExpandableHeading ### Supports ::::VerticalSplit{layout="middle"} :::VerticalSplitItem Support the part off the platform. - Supports will provide a smaller cross section on the platform ::: :::VerticalSplitItem ![Supports](https://res.cloudinary.com/carbon3d/image/upload/t_auto_quality_format/Education/Troubleshooting/Part-Defects/_Common-troubleshooting-for-all/Over-adhesion-supports.png) ::: :::: ::::: :::hint{type="info"} If problems persist, please reach out to [Carbon Support](mailto\:support@carbon3d.com). ::: # Explanation & Causes ## Explanation Internal stresses are created in large XY cross sections during printing that are released during curing. - Most prominent with **large, thin cross sections** on the platform. The platform itself further constrains the part, amplifying the print stress. - More common with** rigid two-part resins**. Print-stress warping occurs in large XY cross sections with resins that have a high cross-link density in their green state: commonly seen with rigid two-part resins. As the material builds its end-state polymer network in the thermal curing process, the UV network built in the green state breaks down and those stresses are released. ![Print-Stress Warping](https://res.cloudinary.com/carbon3d/image/upload/Education/Troubleshooting/Part-Defects/Warping_Print-Stress/Print-stress-warping-example.png) ## Causes ### Print Preparation or Part Design ::::VerticalSplit{layout="middle"} :::VerticalSplitItem How the part is **oriented**, **supported**, or **designed **is causing the defect. ::: :::VerticalSplitItem ![Print Preparation or Part Design Cause](https://api.archbee.com/api/optimize/3CesIL2dYMCHPZvRjp8S0/LhaBjVT_Yxhp03FPtHLyF_orient-and-support-quick-view-v0101-xxs.gif) ::: :::: | Root Issue | Problem | Why Defect Presents | | ----------- | ----------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Orientation | Large cross section on the platform | The platform constrains the part. With resins that have a high cross-linked density in their green state (ie during printing), that constraint builds high stress that is released during thermal curing. |